Part of the reason muscle pain, or myalgia, is so common is because it has so many causes, both physical and emotional, and it can involve single muscles, groups of muscles, or even someone’s entire body.

Exercise and activity

If you play sports, lift weights, jog, hike, bike, or even work in your garden, chances are you’re familiar with the connection between muscle overuse and pain. Your muscles could be straining or cramping in the middle of a workout or a long run—a condition called acute muscle soreness —and the next day, you might feel even worse.
 

Stress, anxiety, and tension


Long periods of tension due to chronic stress can lead to muscle aches, which is why many stressed-out people suffer from shoulder, neck, and back pain. Muscle tension can also contribute to joint pain and other stress-related conditions like migraine headaches and mental health issues.

Injuries
 

When muscles are extended or flexed beyond what they’re used to, they can begin to tear. In many cases, when the tears are microscopic and don’t involve the larger muscle, the resulting muscle strain, or pulled muscle, is a simple injury that resolves immediately or in a day or two. However, more serious cases, which can involve a partial or complete tear of the entire muscle, can be extremely painful and often debilitating. Sprains, which involve connective tissue like ligaments and tendons, can also cause sore or painful muscles.

Underlying medical conditions
 

Many types of illnesses, infections, and autoimmune diseases can cause muscle pain, but the biggest culprit is one that most people wouldn’t guess.

Immune system diseases, such as lupus and multiple sclerosis, can cause arthritis (inflammation of the joints), or myositis, an inflammation of the skeletal muscles you use to move your body.

Medications
 

Myositis (inflammation of muscle cells) is a side effect of a number of medications and therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, statins used to lower cholesterol, and high blood pressure medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

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